java怎么开发游戏

㈠ java做一些小游戏需要学什么

Java做这些小游戏, 可以使用下面几种Java自带的图形界面框架

1. Awt 适合内存较小, 配置较低的嵌入式系统等,组件较少, 性能好,资源消耗低.

2. Swing 适合PC等, 组件较丰富, 内存占用较大, 但是跨平台性优越

3. JavaFX 这个是比较强大的框架了,组件比Swing更丰富,比如添加了 日期选择组件, WebView组件, 还支持3D和 动画. 并且多多媒体支持良好. 但是相关资料比Swing等少

4. 既然学过Java Web 那么对网页编程还是有了解吧, HTML+CSS+JS 也可以开发出小游戏,浏览器可以显示, 放入JavaFX的WebView组件也可以显示出来

推荐使用JavaFX 或者 Web ,因为这两者都很好做到了分离. JavaFX也可以分离出FXML文件,CSS文件,Java文件. 当然也可以采用最稳妥的Swing来开发,毕竟Swing的图书教程很多.

推荐书籍

<Java 2D游戏编程入门> <Java游戏编程原理与实践教程>

<JavaFX 游戏程式设计 第三版>

其实游戏算法都一样, 在Swing上好了弄透彻了, 也可以轻松移植到JavaFX或者网页上

㈡ 用JAVA编一个小游戏或者其他程序

贪吃蛇程序:
GreedSnake.java (也是程序入口):

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Canvas;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

public class GreedSnake implements KeyListener {
JFrame mainFrame;

Canvas paintCanvas;

JLabel labelScore;// 计分牌

SnakeModel snakeModel = null;// 蛇

public static final int canvasWidth = 200;

public static final int canvasHeight = 300;

public static final int nodeWidth = 10;

public static final int nodeHeight = 10;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// GreedSnake():初始化游戏界面
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public GreedSnake() {
// 设置界面元素
mainFrame = new JFrame("GreedSnake");
Container cp = mainFrame.getContentPane();
labelScore = new JLabel("Score:");
cp.add(labelScore, BorderLayout.NORTH);
paintCanvas = new Canvas();
paintCanvas.setSize(canvasWidth + 1, canvasHeight + 1);
paintCanvas.addKeyListener(this);
cp.add(paintCanvas, BorderLayout.CENTER);
JPanel panelButtom = new JPanel();
panelButtom.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel labelHelp;// 帮助信息
labelHelp = new JLabel("PageUp, PageDown for speed;", JLabel.CENTER);
panelButtom.add(labelHelp, BorderLayout.NORTH);
labelHelp = new JLabel("ENTER or R or S for start;", JLabel.CENTER);
panelButtom.add(labelHelp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
labelHelp = new JLabel("SPACE or P for pause", JLabel.CENTER);
panelButtom.add(labelHelp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
cp.add(panelButtom, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
mainFrame.addKeyListener(this);
mainFrame.pack();
mainFrame.setResizable(false);
mainFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
mainFrame.setVisible(true);
begin();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// keyPressed():按键检测
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
if (snakeModel.running)
switch (keyCode) {
case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
snakeModel.changeDirection(SnakeModel.UP);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
snakeModel.changeDirection(SnakeModel.DOWN);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
snakeModel.changeDirection(SnakeModel.LEFT);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
snakeModel.changeDirection(SnakeModel.RIGHT);
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_ADD:
case KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_UP:
snakeModel.speedUp();// 加速
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_SUBTRACT:
case KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_DOWN:
snakeModel.speedDown();// 减速
break;
case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:
case KeyEvent.VK_P:
snakeModel.changePauseState();// 暂停或继续
break;
default:
}
// 重新开始
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_R || keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_S
|| keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
snakeModel.running = false;
begin();
}
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// keyReleased（）：空函数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// keyTyped（）：空函数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// repaint（）：绘制游戏界面（包括蛇和食物）
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void repaint() {
Graphics g = paintCanvas.getGraphics();
// draw background
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.fillRect(0, 0, canvasWidth, canvasHeight);
// draw the snake
g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
LinkedList na = snakeModel.nodeArray;
Iterator it = na.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Node n = (Node) it.next();
drawNode(g, n);
}
// draw the food
g.setColor(Color.RED);
Node n = snakeModel.food;
drawNode(g, n);
updateScore();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// drawNode（）：绘画某一结点（蛇身或食物）
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
private void drawNode(Graphics g, Node n) {
g.fillRect(n.x * nodeWidth, n.y * nodeHeight, nodeWidth - 1,
nodeHeight - 1);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// updateScore（）：改变计分牌
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void updateScore() {
String s = "Score: " + snakeModel.score;
labelScore.setText(s);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// begin（）：游戏开始，放置贪吃蛇
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
void begin() {
if (snakeModel == null || !snakeModel.running) {
snakeModel = new SnakeModel(this, canvasWidth / nodeWidth,
this.canvasHeight / nodeHeight);
(new Thread(snakeModel)).start();
}
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// main（）：主函数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main(String[] args) {
GreedSnake gs = new GreedSnake();
}
}

Node.java:

public class Node {

int x;

int y;

Node(int x, int y) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
}

}

SnakeModel.java:

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

public class SnakeModel implements Runnable {
GreedSnake gs;

boolean[][] matrix;// 界面数据保存在数组里

LinkedList nodeArray = new LinkedList();

Node food;

int maxX;// 最大宽度

int maxY;// 最大长度

int direction = 2;// 方向

boolean running = false;

int timeInterval = 200;// 间隔时间（速度）

double speedChangeRate = 0.75;// 速度改变程度

boolean paused = false;// 游戏状态

int score = 0;

int countMove = 0;

// UP和DOWN是偶数，RIGHT和LEFT是奇数
public static final int UP = 2;

public static final int DOWN = 4;

public static final int LEFT = 1;

public static final int RIGHT = 3;

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// GreedModel():初始化界面
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public SnakeModel(GreedSnake gs, int maxX, int maxY) {
this.gs = gs;
this.maxX = maxX;
this.maxY = maxY;
matrix = new boolean[maxX][];
for (int i = 0; i < maxX; ++i) {
matrix[i] = new boolean[maxY];
Arrays.fill(matrix[i], false);// 没有蛇和食物的地区置false
}
// 初始化贪吃蛇
int initArrayLength = maxX > 20 ? 10 : maxX / 2;
for (int i = 0; i < initArrayLength; ++i) {
int x = maxX / 2 + i;
int y = maxY / 2;
nodeArray.addLast(new Node(x, y));
matrix[x][y] = true;// 蛇身处置true
}
food = createFood();
matrix[food.x][food.y] = true;// 食物处置true
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// changeDirection():改变运动方向
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void changeDirection(int newDirection) {
if (direction % 2 != newDirection % 2)// 避免冲突
{
direction = newDirection;
}
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// moveOn():贪吃蛇运动函数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public boolean moveOn() {
Node n = (Node) nodeArray.getFirst();
int x = n.x;
int y = n.y;
switch (direction) {
case UP:
y--;
break;
case DOWN:
y++;
break;
case LEFT:
x--;
break;
case RIGHT:
x++;
break;
}
if ((0 <= x && x < maxX) && (0 <= y && y < maxY)) {
if (matrix[x][y])// 吃到食物或者撞到身体
{
if (x == food.x && y == food.y)// 吃到食物
{
nodeArray.addFirst(food);// 在头部加上一结点
// 计分规则与移动长度和速度有关
int scoreGet = (10000 - 200 * countMove) / timeInterval;
score += scoreGet > 0 ? scoreGet : 10;
countMove = 0;
food = createFood();
matrix[food.x][food.y] = true;
return true;
} else
return false;// 撞到身体
} else// 什么都没有碰到
{
nodeArray.addFirst(new Node(x, y));// 加上头部
matrix[x][y] = true;
n = (Node) nodeArray.removeLast();// 去掉尾部
matrix[n.x][n.y] = false;
countMove++;
return true;
}
}
return false;// 越界（撞到墙壁）
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// run():贪吃蛇运动线程
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void run() {
running = true;
while (running) {
try {
Thread.sleep(timeInterval);
} catch (Exception e) {
break;
}
if (!paused) {
if (moveOn())// 未结束
{
gs.repaint();
} else// 游戏结束
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "GAME OVER",
"Game Over", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
break;
}
}
}
running = false;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// createFood():生成食物及放置地点
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
private Node createFood() {
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
do {
Random r = new Random();
x = r.nextInt(maxX);
y = r.nextInt(maxY);
} while (matrix[x][y]);
return new Node(x, y);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// speedUp():加快蛇运动速度
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void speedUp() {
timeInterval *= speedChangeRate;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// speedDown():放慢蛇运动速度
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void speedDown() {
timeInterval /= speedChangeRate;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// changePauseState(): 改变游戏状态（暂停或继续）
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
public void changePauseState() {
paused = !paused;
}
}